№ 12 (December)

The rapid development of international cooperation and international contacts entails the need to improve the training of personnel in the field of tourism, including guides-interpreters. It is well known that an interpreter as a tourist profile specialist should not only have a certain amount of professional knowledge, skills and abilities, but also constantly improve his knowledge in the field of a foreign language. In this regard, the problem of optimizing the process of forming the operational competence of guides – interpreters in specialized centers for professional development determines the relevance of the research in the article. The purpose of the study is to justify the need to optimize the process of forming the operational competence of guides – interpreters in specialized centers for professional development. The article is prepared on the basis of the following methods: theoretical review and analysis of domestic and foreign literature on the research problem, pedagogical observation and generalization of the experience of training guide-interpreters in specialized capital and regional centers for professional development. Based on the results of the study, it was established that the optimization of the process of forming the operational competence of the guide-interpreters would be more effective in improving the foreign language in specialized centers for advanced training with the use of the author's model and methodology presented in the study. The theoretical significance of the research in the article is that in the theory and methodology of vocational education, the content of the operational competence of guides and interpreters and the model for optimizing the process of forming the operational competence of guides and interpreters in specialized centers for professional development have been identified and established. Practical significance of the research consists in the focus of its results on the optimization of the process of forming the operational competence of the guides – interpreters in specialized centers for professional development. Appropriate methodology and program have been determined, which provide for the development and application in practice of professionally-oriented speech situations for the improvement of a foreign language command. The results of the conducted research make it possible to draw scientifically grounded conclusions and outline the effectiveness of the established model and methodology for optimizing the process of forming the operational competence of guides-interpreters in specialized centers for advanced training based on the improvement of a foreign language.

The article presents the issues of spiritual and moral education of military higher school cadets. The study of the problem of the spiritual and moral education of students at a military university has been carried out on the basis of reference to various contexts and discourses. The results presented in this study reflect the authors' polyparadigmatic view of the problem under consideration, which is based on several methodological dual approaches: system-objective, subject-oriented, synergy-anthropological. The authors analyze related questions in the polyparadigmatic environment of historical, philosophical, psychological, and pedagogical aspects. The purpose of the study is to identify the concepts of spiritual and moral education of cadets and to develop the relevant concept. The authors developed and implemented the Concept of spiritual and moral education of military higher school cadets. The Concept focuses on the subject-oriented approach to solving the problem of spiritual and moral education of cadets as an indicator of a competent graduate training. A system-forming factor in the manifestation and development of the spiritual and moral potential of a military cadet is the subject-activity component. The main results of the research may be taken into account when analyzing the spiritual and moral education of students at a military university and make a definite contribution to the development of the theory and practice of educating students. The theoretical significance of the article lies in the fact that it contains an analysis of the problem of the spiritual and moral education of military higher school cadets, and developed components and criteria for monitoring this process. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of using developed by the authors Concept of spiritual and moral education of military higher schools cadets in the real practical work of universities.

The organization of research activities in the military University actualized the need to identify pedagogical conditions that would contribute to the development and self-development of cadets. One of these conditions, in our opinion, is the creation of an educational research environment at the University. Creative research environment should be focused on the development of initiative and independence of each cadet involved in research and experimental activities. The purpose of this study is to theoretically substantiate the need to create an educational research creative environment, in the conditions of which the cadets of the military University acquire research skills, master research methods of learning educational and cognitive information, communication skills, business relations, methodological culture. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is a set of interrelated methodological approaches: personality-oriented approach, the essence of which is determined by the philosophy of individual choice of a person's professional path; axiological approach as a necessary condition for the development and self-development of a person; individual-creative approach, allowing each cadet to realize himself as a developing, creative person; activity approach, creating conditions in which the active research and cognitive activity of cadets is a means of their development. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the fact that the authors analyzed and summarized the main theoretical approaches to the creation of the educational environment in educational organizations, including military universities, in the process of organizing research activities of cadets. The practical significance of the research results lies in the fact that the authors propose the algorithm of modeling and designing the research environment of the military University, where the research activity of cadets is organized and carried out. The work may be useful for academic staff of military educational organizations, teachers-researchers dealing with the problem of identifying the pedagogical conditions for the organization of research activities of students, one of which is the creation of an educational research environment in a military University, contributing to the development and self-development of cadets’ personality.

At present time, technical higher educational establishments of the Russian Federation have to respond quite actively and promptly to the reforms in the system of education. Ever-changing federal state educational standards of higher education define the necessity of conceptually new approaches to the problems of the education content as well as the ways of their solving. The problem of choice of course books for teaching English at a technical university is not just the exception but is of great importance, as one of the main employer requirements to a competitive engineer is well-developed linguistic competence aimed at successful social and professional communication. Thus, the aim of presented research is to analyze the structure and contents of Russian and foreign course books and their correspondence to modern course book criteria developed by the authors after having observed the opinions of some methodologists as well as taking into consideration the own experience in this area. The notion of a course book is formulated in the paper, the research results to the selection of the content and structure of a modern course book are demonstrated. The authors present some positive aspects of analyzed foreign and Russian course books in accordance with federal state educational standards of higher education and specificity of a technical university. During the research work the authors were using the analytical method (quantity and quality analyses, interpretation of the received results, formulation of conclusions and practical recommendations). The research results are presented in the form of formulated criteria and requirements to both structure and content of a modern English course book, in the form of positive aspects and comparative characteristics of Russian and foreign course books, as well as in the form of some recommendation to their use. Practical relevance of the analyses conducted is authors’ try to search for the solution of the problem of choosing the appropriate course book structurally and contextually aimed at successful development of linguistic, social, cultural and professional competences of a future engineer.

Ensuring the process of improving the qualifications of teachers by means of Informatization of education makes it possible to implement scientific and methodological support for teachers in solving actual pedagogical problems. The competence of the teacher, which we regard as pedagogical intentionality, is of particular importance in the context of modernizing approaches to setting educational goals and results. The author presents the results of the study, the purpose of which is to identify the methodological potential of Internet technologies in the development of the pedagogical intentionality of teachers in the process of advanced training. As a leading approach, we used a comparative analysis of the key characteristics of the designed educational system: 1) pedagogical intentionality as the required competence and learning objectives, 2) approaches to adult education, taking into account the characteristics of education subjects and 3) Internet technologies as the intended means of education. Designing a pedagogical intentionality as a teacher’s general professional competence includes a terminological, logical-conceptual and structural comparative analysis of intentionality as a pedagogical and interdisciplinary category. The results of the study made it possible to give a definition of the specified competence, to identify its essence and functions. A theoretical analysis of approaches to adult education revealed that the key characteristics were experience and established opinion, the position of an adult, independence and pragmatism. As a result of the study, an overview of the key characteristics of Internet technologies is presented, demonstrating their essential significance for the elements of the designed educational system. It is argued that the methodological potential of Internet technologies in the development of teacher’s pedagogical intentionality in the process of advanced training is to ensure the processes of figurative perception, verbalization, metacognitive and reflexive understanding through the launch of slow modes, as well as the possibility of creating an emotionally saturated environment and conditions for self-expression and establishment of the author’s position, supporting cooperation procedures on the basis of trust and status equality of educational event participants. The theoretical significance of the research results consists in concretizing the approaches to the use of Internet technologies. Practical value – the ability to use the results of the study in the development of additional advanced training programs for teachers.

The urgency of the researched problem is due to the new demands of society and the state on the results that the general education system should achieve. Changes in the format of the FSES results, established on the methodology of the system-activity approach, entail new tasks for teachers and students. The authors demonstrate the urgency of new goals and results of education for the young generation within the framework of a prefigurative culture. They substantiate the need to consider the new phenomenon of “self-discovery of abilities” in the context of school education. The purpose of the article is a theoretical description of student's abilities self-discovery problem in the context of educational goals. The following tasks were solved: a review of domestic and foreign psychological and pedagogical research on the topic of self-discovery was prepared, in particular, the results of the self-discovery abilities of high school students in connection with their professional self-determination were shown, domestic theories of abilities were systematized, as well as modern foreign data. The system-activity approach and the theory of abilities were used as the leading approaches to the study of the problem. The method of theoretical analysis was used. Main results of the work: the necessity of studying the student's self-discovery abilities is proved, since the scientific base is shown: the system-activity approach, theories of abilities, and the subject of professional self-determination has been developed. The dynamics of a student's ability are justified as the goal of education. It is shown that the work of the teacher goes on as the process of creating an environment for the development of abilities and competences of the student. As a result of this interaction, the student discovers himself primarily as the owner of some promising resources. Thus, self-discovery of abilities for oneself occurs. The pedagogical intentionality is substantiated as a modern teacher’s competence, which lets a teacher to make the dynamics of the student's ability and competence increments of the student the subject of his activity and the result of the student’s work. The theoretical significance is due to the introduction and interpretation of new concepts regarding the context of general education and the activity of a teacher: “self-discovery of the abilities of a high school student”, “pedagogical intentionality”. The practical significance of the work consists in applicability of a high school student’s abilities self-discovery ideas for his pedagogical support and providing opportunities for abilities self-discovery. Pedagogical intentionality may be the basis for a change in teaching practice, including the process of methodological developing lessons and work plans, which makes it possible for the teacher to work in accordance with the FSES.

The article reveals the mechanisms and symptoms of writing disorders in children of primary school age with impaired intelligence. The issue of studying the nature of writing disorders is analyzed in the historical context. It is shown that writing disorders have a wide range of causes. The author identifies and substantiates the necessity of mental functions development in conjunction with the correction of writing disorders.

The article is devoted to the study of ideas about the professions in adolescents with mental retardation. Two groups of high school students were surveyed: orphans and teenagers living in families. Researchers established differences in the perception of professions for each group of subjects. It is noted that all adolescents feel the need for psychological and pedagogical support for adequate selection of an acceptable sphere of activity and subsequent inclusion in the workforce.

The article analyzes the ideas of Russian and foreign researchers regarding the role of the personality in a post-industrial type of society. The main contradictions, dangers and factors determining the functioning of a new type of personality in the modern world are revealed. The authors point out the need for the development of an eco-integrated, comprehensively developed personality striving for self-actualization.

In recent decades, global financial institutions have consistently, purposefully and unswervingly been doing a great job of refusing modern countries from cash as a means of payment. The first step in this direction has long been taken. The world has already created various restrictions on the use of cash in all sorts of financial transactions. Besides, numerous economic incentives to reduce cash flow have been introduced, and the computerization of the financial system has been completed. What are the prospects of this world phenomenon in our country? To what extent these processes comply with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the regulatory and legal framework of Russia, whether human and civil rights, freedoms will be violated because of this, and other issues will be considered in this article.

The twentieth century is considered to be the “century of crowds” (S. Moscovici). The whole series of studies is devoted to studying the phenomenon of the crowd, in which the crowd (mass) is presented in general as a “social animal” that needs taming. Today, the research of mass spontaneous behavior continues – with the only difference that a “negative” anthropology, based solely on distrust of the phenomenon, has been replaced by a “positive” one: the crowd, being an ambivalent phenomenon, being at the intersection of the individual and the collective, conscious and unconscious, can show different sides – to be both as "stupid" (mostly destructive), and "clever" (G. Reingold). A radical change in the view of the crowd as a social phenomenon, its revaluation was promoted by the relatively recent theoretical shift in its consideration: from the crowd as an object to the crowd as a subject of social action. In this connection, it became possible to identify the essential signs of “clever crowd” (ability for self-organization and rationality). The article details the content of negative and positive views on the crowd, their advantages and disadvantages; technology of working with the crowd, including those that allow you to turn it into a “clever” one, thereby opening up new horizons for the development and renewal of the democratic form of society.

The article discusses aspects of the local identity study. Local identity characterizes the value attitude of the population to the territory of residence. There is a crisis of identity in modern society. It finds expression in the fact that the value bases of identity are not stable. Identity is the result of social constructing. The crisis of local identity is manifested in the minds of young people. The information about the attitude of young people towards the city was obtained after analysis of the results of the Tolyatti youth survey. The researchers identified groups of young people depending on the formation of local identity. They are shaped on the basis of the distribution of respondents' opinions about aspects of urban life that give it its uniqueness. The author analyzes the signs of local identity crisis, which are manifested in the creation of the controversial image of Togliatti.

In the modern world, due attention is not always paid to the process of studying intercultural communication, especially when the language is not taught in the humanities. The article provides examples of how, without knowing the basics of intercultural communication, one can involuntarily offend the interlocutor or get into an unpleasant position, without understanding what the partner wants to tell you. In addition, the author brings up an issue of language and culture interaction. This scientific article uses examples of both an English / American resident and a representative of Chinese culture way of thinking.

The article provides an analysis of demographic processes in the world, the Russian Federation and the Republic of Bashkortostan. The key trends of demographic development are presented: population aging and increase in demographic burden, increase in life expectancy and total birth rate.

There is a large number of new opportunities for the creation and use of political myths during the period of intensive promotion of information technologies. The present time is a period of created reality constructed with the help of myths. For this reason, understanding the elements and their interrelated work in political mythology is an important factor for survival in today's society. Consequently, there is an increasing need for research and careful study of this issue.

The article presents a retrospective comparative analysis of the basics of human physical activity depending on the civilizational model of development. The authors identify the complex of human nature features, on the one hand reflecting its inferiority, on the other – being prerequisites of socio-cultural life. It is shown that in the process of human adaptation to certain natural and climatic conditions, two opposite lifestyles are formed, within which physical culture is differentiated and transformed depending on the human environment.

In this article, the author analyzes the concept of "regional political culture". The study of this phenomenon is relevant for modern society in both theoretical and practical aspects. The relevance of political culture regional aspect study is explained by the current political, cultural and socio-political situation at the present stage of society and the state development. Regional specificity of political culture in the modern political environment is determined primarily by historical and socio-political conditions and factors of the world's regions development.

This article attempts to systematize knowledge about the establishment of elections institution in the world. The author identifies sources and main periods of functional fixation of election cycles based on various scientific data. The idea of three centers for the initial development of modern electoral systems, which are France, the United Kingdom and the United States, is formed. An analysis of formal and informal electoral practices in these states is made.

The article discusses the activities of the prosecutor's office of the Pskov region to improve the educational level and professional qualifications of its employees in the 1960s. This work was written on the basis of previously unpublished materials and documents of the State Archive of the Pskov Region. The author used structural-functional analysis, systemic and historical-genetic methods for solving research problems in this article. This work may be useful to all those who are interested in the history of law enforcement agencies of the USSR.

This paper discusses the issues of regional public policy formation in the Internet. The authors emphasize the necessity of interaction of regional authorities with social networks in the context of one of the ways to develop public policy in the Volgograd region.

The article proves the need for a digital transformation of the regional economic complex. The authors reveal key problems of digital transformation. They describe the stages of the digital transformation of the regional economic complex. Projects of digital transformation of the regional economic complex are offered.

In the context of globalization, pharmaceutical companies and pharmacies must be proficient in existing pricing methods in order to maximize profits and solve social problems. The theory of drugs pricing allows you to get the tools for practical application.

The article shows the role of international investment in modern conditions of economic development. The author analyzed international investment and studied regulations in the field of investment development. The measures aimed at government support of investors are suggested.

The article reveals the problems of small towns of Russia. The author analyzes the socio-economic potential of the town of Plavsk, Tula region, ranging from geopolitical potential, to the financial category. The development prospects of Plavsk as an important condition for improving the quality of the town’s population life are identified.

The article discusses the features of the formation of information in the report of financial position in accordance with international financial reporting standards, as well as the order of income payment to investors. The needs of the investor are primary. They determine the content of the reports, and in order to form the desired content, an accounting process is necessary.

The article deals with the historical aspect of the Russian-Chinese economic cooperation. The article also describes the development of economic relations between Russia and China at the present stage. The characteristics of the trends of modern interaction between China and Russia are given. The author gives numerical data confirming the stated facts.

The article describes some features of an independent financial consultant profession. It is noted that to build a risk profile is one of the main points in the work of a financial consultant in the formation of an investment strategy for a client. The authors show the main stages of risk profiling development and describe the main components of an individual risk profile. It is specified that psychometric questionnaires can be successfully used to quantify the risk tolerance of an investor.

The article considers the issue of the place of reduplication in the system of repetition types, belonging to different levels of the modern Russian language: phonetic, word building, lexical, morphological, and syntactic. It is noted that reduplication refers primarily to the word-building level of the language, since with its help new language units are formed on the basis of repetitions. The author touches upon a question of repetition and reduplication importance in the language and their diverse functions in particular.