№ 10 (October)

The transition to the grades system of higher professional education and the implementation of the competence approach principles required new attitude to the educational process in the training of specialists in the field of shipbuilding. Therefore, there is a problem of working out new curricula for training bachelors - shipbuilders, taking into account the requirements of the labor market on the basis of the Federal State Educational Standard of higher education and professional standards. The purpose of the article is to evaluate new curricula for the educational program of shipbuilding engineers training, taking into account the competence approach, the requirements of the labor market and professional standards, as well as graduates’ conformity to the requirements of the economy and society. The article discusses some features of the organization of practice-oriented learning in training shipbuilding specialists under conditions of federal state educational standards implementation. The problems in training bachelors, caused by the development and introduction of new curricula due to the transition to the grades education system, are also examined in the article. Some features of educational and real practical work are considered. The proposed educational program for training personnel in the field of shipbuilding fully meets the contemporary challenges, the demands of the economy and society, contributes to the solution of the tasks that our country faces today in order to improve competitiveness, technological restructuring of the shipbuilding industry, and radical increase of labor productivity. The combination of theoretical training and practical work allows students to get through an educational program in the field of "Shipbuilding, ocean engineering and system engineering of marine infrastructure objects" successfully. The competences of graduates, acquired during the training, largely determine the reliability, efficiency of the production process and the introduction of new technologies.

This research is widely topical due to the shift in Russia’s social, political and economic orientation to democratic values and market relations. This shift brought about changes in the social hierarchy of moral values and dramatically transformed educational goals and priorities at the current stage. It should be noted that federal state educational standards declare the active and focused educational work of the teacher with students as one of the most significant elements of upbringing, development and training in a modern primary school. This type of work is primarily aimed at the inculcation of morality and value orientations in students of primary school age. The significance of the purposeful personal morality formation at an earlier age is substantiated in psychological and pedagogical research works. An analysis of morality interpretations shows a discrepancy in the set of moralities that serve as the foundation for individual morality formation. This discrepancy leads to the blurring of the integral system of individual morality formation, which determines the topic of the research. Accordingly, the aim of the article is to highlight the basic set of moralities that underlie the formation of morality in primary school children. The leading approach in this case is the subject-developing approach. The approach explains development of the individual by achieving the level of the subject through the integrity of the external, internal and time. As a result of the research, the author of the article identifies three basic moral feelings that should be prioritized in primary school in an understandable for children form (kindness, beauty, love). The theoretical significance of the article is due to the contribution to the development of scientific ideas about the moral feelings of the individual, formed according to the age-related characteristics. The practical use of the research results allows us to inculcate morality in primary school students successfully.

One of the main directions of the government policy today is the development of University environment to support business initiatives and create favorable conditions for doing business. One of the priority tasks of the Russian Federation economic development is to create advantageous institutional environment for doing business. The processes of higher education system transformation and the economy of modern society determine the needs of the state, the labor market, as well as the system of training students in our country. It is important that all initiatives for the development of young people business are supported by both the government of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of science and higher education. In this regard, a number of universities, including the Southern Federal University, are actively implementing new models of professional training at all levels of education with the involvement of companies working in the real sector of the economy, which indicates the relevance of the study. The article deals with the problem of training competent specialists at the request of a modern employer with business and management competences. The study analyzed the works of domestic and foreign scholars describing the competence approach in training specialists, as well as the concept of "business competence" and the necessity of its development. The study was conducted on the basis of the southern Federal University. The purpose of the work in this direction is to show the trends existing in the Federal University, which affect the development of business competences among students, using modern forms of work with student business projects in the educational process. The study uses such methods as the analysis of pedagogical literature, questionnaires and observation of students groups that have passed the acceleration intensive, which is one of the latest innovations in education. As a result of the study, we identified the main trends of the Federal University practice, affecting the development of business competences among students.

Additional Education of Children (AEC) helps students develop proceeding from their interests and motivation, which may affect their professional self-determination in the future. The problem of insufficient methodological support within the framework of vocational guidance of children allows us to raise the issue of organization of methodological support for teachers of additional education. We define the term “methodological support” as the interaction of a methodologist and a teacher aimed at overcoming the difficulties encountered by the teacher in the field of vocational guidance of students, implemented on the basis of the competence-based approach, designed taking into account the individual experience of the teacher, which is focused on finding the best means to meet the educational needs of students and their needs for professional self-determination. We have conducted several studies with the help of ranking and questionnaire for parents and teachers, which have identified priority areas for AEC and the main problems for teachers in their vocational guidance work. Thus, taking as a basis a competence approach (practice oriented education, "I know how...," I give product "), taking into account the standard of additional education teacher, having analyzed statistical data of involvement of children in additional education in Yakutia, having studied preferences of parents in AEC, work of methodologists and problems of teachers, we have worked out a functional model of methodological support for vocational guidance work of additional education teachers. The functional model includes: principles of methodological support in the vocational guidance work of the teacher( advisory, practice-oriented, mobility, consciousness); four stages of the methodologist’s work with teachers (advisory, development of recommendations, planning, monitoring); step-by-step forms of work; criteria for the effectiveness of methodological support of vocational guidance work of additional education teachers (readiness of teacher for this type of activity and his/her ability to overcome difficulties). The functional model is aimed at acquiring pedagogical skills necessary for vocational guidance work of the additional education teacher. The developed model was tested on the basis of the Children's (Adolescent’s) Center of Yakutsk. The results showed positive changes in teachers’ work within the framework of vocational guidance activities.

In modern conditions of informatization and globalization of society, the formation of media literacy in children by means of education is of particular importance. The UN Declaration on Human Rights notes that media literacy is an important part of the modern person competences. In addition, the international Academy of media studies notes that media competence is necessary to preserve historically accurate information. The media, computer technology and the global Internet play an important role in the life of modern person. Any educational process always refers to the media: let it be books, movies or modern computer technology, including the Internet. A large flow of diverse and not always correct and reliable information, the spread of such phenomena as "cybercrime", "Internet addiction", sites promoting deviant behavior – these are the negative aspects of media products widespread distribution. Students with disabilities are a particularly vulnerable category. Media literacy among students with disabilities is an important component of their personal development, socialization, future independent life in society. The purpose of the article is to identify the problems and conditions for the successful formation of media literacy in students with disabilities on the basis of theoretical analysis of literature and pedagogical experience. In the article, the authors analyzing the works of domestic and foreign researchers refer to the concept of "media literacy". This concept has a terminological variety and is examined by researchers from different points of view. The authors substantiate the relevance of media literacy formation in students under the conditions of inclusive education. This problem is poorly studied in science. Particular attention is paid to the difficulties faced by teachers of inclusive classes, and to the ways of overcoming them in the process of formation of media literacy in students with disabilities. The leading concepts in the study are L. S. Vygotsky's "zone of proximate development" and A. N. Leontiev's "activity-oriented approach". The authors identify three blocks of conditions necessary for the organization of this process when working with children with hearing and vision impairments, mental retardation, autism spectrum disorders. In describing the complex of conditions that contribute to the formation of media literacy, the authors take into account the following aspects: the social order of society; the specifics of the educational process in an inclusive environment. The article may be interesting for teachers of secondary schools, students of "Special (defectological) education" area of training, and postgraduate students.

The psychology of love has a long history of formation and development. However, the main goal of revealing the nature and essence of love feelings has not been achieved yet. The explosive nature of the twentieth century made it possible to come closer to the realization of this goal, since human sensuality was rehabilitated during this period, opening up new opportunities for the realization of the "private" being of the individual. The research subject here is the existential analytics of love by the Catholic theologian Dietrich von Hildebrandt, which is of great importance in the theoretical studies of love in the twentieth century. In the program work on love (“Metaphysics of Love”), the author made an attempt (successful) to identify the psychological essence of romantic love, which is the initial stage of love feeling regardless of the cultural-historical context, and containing the potential for self-development of love feelings.

The article is devoted to the issues of considering the linguodidactic aspect in the formation of coherent oral speech in children. The article defines the basic concepts of “language”, “speech”, “coherent speech”, “methodology” and “linguodidactics”. It also presents critical review of domestic and foreign authors’ opinions. The author makes a generalized analysis of using creative retelling in the process of forming coherent oral speech in preschoolers and defines the criteria for assessing the formation and development of coherent speech.

Due to the significance of the problem of employees’ psycho-emotional overload, the article attempts to reveal the essence of “stress” concept, to study the stages of stress development, some reasons for the occurrence of stressful situations in professional activity, and the ways to reduce the negative influence of stressful factors on the physical and psychological health of personnel. The author shows the necessity of taking into account individual psychological characteristics of an individual when choosing effective means of emotional-psychological relaxation. The article presents an example of solving the urgent for the transport company task of maintaining health and high performance of employees, whose work is connected with regular psycho-emotional overload, using a specially worked out method of psycho-regulatory training.

The article is devoted to the urgent problem of activating the socio-psychological adaptation of students to study at a university in accordance with the requirements that the new environment establishes; it examines various forms of adaptation: superficial and complete, creating the possibility of organizing successful joint activities. The article presents the special possibilities of improving the language competence of students as a way to activate the adaptation process and its main directions: improving communication skills, the ability to structure mental processes; assistance in integration into society in accordance with the requirements put forward by it.

One of the global problems at present is suicide as a manifestation of deviant behavior in society. According to the World Health Organization, suicidal events among people aged 15–29 have doubled over the past 15 years, and they occupy leading positions in developed countries. Suicide takes the 4th place among adolescent mortality in the world after injuries, infectious and oncological diseases. Russia takes one of the leading positions on completed suicides among young people. There is an urgent need for the prevention of suicidal behavior among young people in our country. The optimal system of suicide prevention, intervention and postvention in practice unites the systems of education, health care, social protection, internal affairs, religious institutions, the efforts of non-governmental organizations, and also ensures a good connection between them. The main directions of prevention should be the early diagnosis of suicidal risk groups, the prevention of alcoholism and drug addiction among the population, the establishment of a full complement of suicide prevention services in each region of the country.

The article reports on the condition of coherent oral speech among hearing-impaired children of primary school age. The results of the conducted study are presented. The author gives examples of students’ speech production and defines specific errors made by children with impaired hearing when they retell the texts or construct the sentences independently. On the basis of the obtained data, the conclusion is made about the low degree of students’ readiness to produce coherent statements independently.

The 1993 Constitution of the Russian Federation became the object of criticism even at the time of its adoption. The directions of this criticism vary from accusations that the Constitution preserves the colonial political regime and external governance of Russia, to complaints that it is a normative legal act of social confrontation in society and is no longer able to ensure its stability. Chapter 9 “Constitutional amendments and revision of the Constitution” determines that only the provisions of chapter 1 “Fundamentals of the constitutional system”, chapter 2 “Human and civil rights and freedoms” and chapter 9 itself cannot be revised, therefore, it is possible to revoke the current Constitution of the Russian Federation and adopt new Constitution of Russia. All other amendments to chapters 3–8 are adopted like the federal constitutional law and come into force after their approval by the legislative authorities of at least two-thirds of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The latter seems quite possible, and similar amendments to these chapters have already been in force since 2008. Is the revoking of the current Constitution of the country appropriate in this case, will this revoking entail the elimination of the most important foundations of the modern Russian state, and with them the existing constitutional rights and freedoms of an individual and citizen in Russia? This article is devoted to examining the problems of repealing the current Constitution of Russia and the legal consequences of this step.

The right to study the case materials in the arbitration process is one of the most important issue for the participants in legal proceedings. However, when exercising this right, the parties participating in the case may face some problems. The author analyzes the rules of studying the case materials in various arbitration courts of the country and offers several options to simplify the access of participants to the case materials for study.

This article discusses the relationship between the concepts of “green product” and “organic products”, international and foreign acts related to the regulation of organic production, analyzes the groundlessness of the draft federal law on organic products offered by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation.

The draft Federal accounting standard "Fixed assets" establishes new rules for accounting of fixed assets. The draft of FAS "Fixed assets" was worked out on the basis of IFRS (IAS) 16 "Fixed assets", which differed significantly from the current rules for accounting 6/01 "Fixed Assets Accounting". The article analyzes the main provisions of this draft and compares them with rules for accounting 6/01.

The article focuses on the role of students' critical thinking in improving their communicative competence in foreign language classes. The author notes the relationship between the level of critical thinking and the development of proficient language skills. A number of practical communicative tasks in the English language are proposed that the teacher can use to stimulate critical thinking among students. Conclusions are made about improving the communicative competence of students and understanding of a target language system.

The article is devoted to the analysis of functioning of allusive antroponym stylistic device in a literary text based on the novel “My Son’s Story” by Nadine Gordimer. The study is founded on the theoretical theses proposed in the works of V.I. Suprun, A.V. Superanskaya, N.V. Vasylyeva, Yu.A. Karpenko and other scholars. The author of the article analyses and systematizes the classifications of personal names available in philology. It is offered to regard the text-forming and stylistic functions as the leading ones. The text-forming function is manifested in the text unfolding, irradiation of the name in the context, in the deep elaboration of the author’s ideas in the creation of characters’ images. The stylistic function reveals itself in the appeal to emotive, expressive and evaluative shades of meaning of the allusive name by way of activation of eternal senses of such respectful references as Biblical, Greek-Roman and Shakespeare allusions.

The multi-genre works of Paul Heyse have not been sufficiently studied yet. This article is the first attempt to consider not only short stories, but also the poetry of the author in the context of Biedermeier literature. Based on the analysis of several novels and poems of the writer, the article illustrates the peculiarities of such a significant dominant of the Biedermeier style as “home” embodiment in Heyse's works.

The article is devoted to identification of the main types of cross-lingual semantic correlations of Germanic origin in the field of the basic lexis of two closely related languages – German and English. The topicality of addressing the field of contrastive linguistic research is associated with rise of their practical importance in connection with the situation of polyglossy in the modern scientific and educational environment. There is also a need to cumulate cognitive linguistic experience in the study of several languages, which implies taking into account their internal and cross-system connections.

The article is devoted to the translation of poems and songs as components of R. Dahl's prose tales. The study has shown that, when translating them, black humor and everyday realities represent a difficulty for the translator. Black humor turns out to be the main factor in the transformation of the text in modern translations – either omitting significant passages of the text, or softening them to simple humor.